Report 2016 Italian Eurispes is an illustration in chiaroscuro of Italy in recent years. Many of the ideas published in the paper, published by Minerva Editions and submitted to the institutions and to the press at the Conference Room of the National Library in Rome .
Let’s start with what we believe most paroxysmal. According to research our country is a country with Three GDP . The phenomenon of undeclared is extremely widespread as to be often called “ bulk “, confirming an estimate that the same Research Institute produced in recent years, according to which ‘ Italian GDP has three: one officer about 1.500 billion euro; one submerged equivalent to about one third of the official one, ie at least € 540 billion of criminal and one of well over 200 billion. To about 540 billion submerged indicated correspond, considering a tax of about 50%, the sum of 270 billion evasion. On the other hand, a good portion is considered “underwater life support systems” in which important parts of society have tended to take refuge due to the economic crisis.
The use of “black” and the double work
In the survey Eurispes this year were asked to indicate, according to his own personal experience, what are the groups most often they work without a contract or without billing issue. The three categories most mentioned were: 80% of cases the baby sitter, in 78.7% teachers of repetitions, in 72.5% of the domestic workers. Following caregivers (67.3%), gardeners (62.7%), construction workers (60.2%), hydraulic (59.8%), electricians (57%), carpenters (56.4%) and medical specialists (50%).
In the last year however it happened to 28.1% of the sample to work without a contract (against 18.6% in 2015). A condition met by more than 50% of those seeking their first job and new jobs, 29.6% of students, from 22.4% from 13.8% of housewives and pensioners, but also from 83 , 3% of cassintegrati. The share of those who have done double duty, in the last year, is 21% (19.3% in early 2015). In this case you can not always talk about work in black, but more often “double-lavoristi”.
The use of moonlighting produces inevitably result in lack of work continuity and rights which increasingly often result in use of family of wear or contact the Caritas . Increasing the percentage of those who state that they have experience of friends or relatives who happened to borrow money to a loan shark (16.9%, +6); resort to Caritas and other associations to have help (22.9%, +2.7); lose significant sums of money to the game (28.7%, +13.4).
Further, proposals are interesting reflections about the factors that inhibit or block the worst socio-economic development of Italian society . To explain is the Eurispes president Gian Maria Fara , who said that Italy is suffering from a kind of syndrome Palio di Siena, that “The country is in fact slowed by a widespread and deeply rooted syndrome Palio of Siena whose main rule is to prevent the opponent to win, even before committing themselves to win in the first person. “she still continues Fara:” Envy and jealousy, if sometimes positively, become the propellant essential to growth and development. Enhance competition in the private market; push to changes in behavior, valuable and expendable in terms of the role and image in public. In fact, in our country it does not. Envy and jealousy result in resentment and disparagement. We hate and denigrate our neighbor more clever and instead to commit to achieve better results and overcome it in creativity, efficiency and capacity, we spend our best efforts to fight it, for killing their successes, to hinder or even block their path. In short, a real “waste of power”, a philosophy against instead of for. “
Other factors obstacle to growth are the bulky presence of the Bureaucracy, the overproduction of rules, laws and regulations. A brake that restrains growth and often stifles the will and ingenuity of the best spirits. A dynamic defined in no uncertain terms “regulatory paranoia”. This is evident for example in the tax burden and the difficulty of doing business. And the inability of the company to a “system”. No more fluid society described by Bauman, but a company “evanescent” in which everyone thinks of himself, and that can not process a total plan. It seems that our country does everything to deny their value, in short, the lack of merit and innovative capabilities that constrain or compel increasingly the best minds and feelings to leave the country. No secondary braking effect brought by a political system and a ruling class self.
Obviously the report is no shortage of positive notes and report the first signs of a turnaround compared to a decade of free fall. The interviews for example shows the positive trend in the number of stable believes the economic situation in the year just past (from 14.6% in early 2015 to 30.3% in 2016) and the increase of the optimists indicating a slight (1.5% to 16.2%) or a marked improvement (dall’0,0% to 1.1%).
In summary, some data reported in which there was a recovery in overall confidence and the slow abandonment of the climate of pessimism that has characterized recent years.
Outlook for the future of the economy: less pessimistic (-28.4%), the most trusted (+10.1%)
47 , 3% of Italians (+ 13.4% compared to 2015) for 2016 indicates a substantial economic stability of the country. 14.7% (+ 10.1% compared to 2015) is convinced that the situation will improve this year. Parallel halved the share of those expecting a worsening future (from 55.7% to 27.3% -28.4%).
The economic situation of families: you start breathe
In contrast to the survey of 2015 indicates a strong or slight deterioration in their economic situation is 40.7% (-36%); 12.3% (+ 9.4%) showed an increase of its resources, while rising from 18.5% in 2015 to 43.8% in 2016 the number of those indicating a stable situation.
The recovery in purchasing power
With a decrease of 18.4 points compared to (71.5%) detected at the beginning of 2015, the loss of its power ‘purchase remains a reality at the beginning of 2016 more than half of citizens, 53.1% (a sharp drop indicated in 13.4% of cases, rather less marked in 39.7%). In 2015 indicates “little” or “not” diminished capacity to cope with expenses and purchases through its own revenues were only 28.5%, while in 2016 the figure turns positive (46.8%).
Sharing consumption, even the ones not
The resources devoted to gifts are cut in 75.3% of cases (-6.8% compared to 2015 ). It reduces the number of those who: save on meals outside the home (66.2% -14.6%); It is aimed at the most economic as department stores, markets, outlets (76%; -8.5%) and discount stores (63.2%; 7.7%); changing the brand of a food product if more convenient (68%; – 13.7%); save on travel and holidays (67%; -7.7%), beautician / hairdresser (65.9% -14.8%) or technological items (69.4%; 10.7%); using more public transportation to save on gasoline (39.4%; 2.2%) or turns to the market (29.3% -14.9%). It also decreased the percentage of those having pets has saved on costs is dedicated to them (25.9% -23.6%); cuts down on costs for the baby sitter (48.2% – 5.3%), those for help in cleaning / household (37.2% -23.6%); while 37.8% it reduced expenses related to the caregiver. Increase instead is cutting medical expenses that in 2016 reaches 34.2%, against 32.3% in 2015.
Finally a specific invitation Eurispes to give you all the energy of the institutions to question of Southern whose situation after the recent years of crisis has undoubtedly worsened. The South can not grow.
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